Answer the question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Answer the inquiry - Assignment Example While trying to improve positive authoritative change, the organization has a way of thinking that rouses workers to change imperative parts of their lives (Tolbert, 2008, p. 2). Authoritative way of thinking urges representatives to buckle down towards making individual accomplishments. Inspiration, hence, is a crucial angle when directing obligations and a reason for accomplishment in assorted exercises. The organization has arrangements on staffing and advancing workers. It just staffs and advances people dependent on appropriate records and experience. Each worker, in this manner, makes progress toward greatness to make sure about advancement (Tolbert, 2008, p. 3). Nature of the association, in any case, disheartens representatives to work in certain occurrences. Conditions may influence employees’ clinical wellbeing or segregate on certain people. The association handles squander materials that open representatives to contagious or bacterial contaminations and breathing issues. Work environment difficulties may deny worker of their resolve to work. Different organizations, for example, concrete assembling firms subject workers to breathing related wellbeing challenges brought about by over the top residue. A few associations don't permit ladies to climb past administrative job (Tolbert, 2008 p. 5). The association considers male representatives for administrative posts in spite of their female counterparts’ support for advancement. The association should concentrate on approaches that affect the

The Acquisition Between Merck and Schering-Plough

On March 9, 2009, Merck and Co., Inc. also, Schering-Plow Corporation declared that their Boards of Directors have consistently affirmed a conclusive merger understanding under which Merck and Schering-Plow will join, under the name Merck in a stock and money exchange. As the two organizations' consolidated 2008 incomes were $47 billion. The arrangement formally shut on November 3, 2009. Foundation of the two gatherings Merck and Co. (NYSE: MRK) was at first framed in 1891 as a United States auxiliary of the German synthetic concoctions and pharmaceutical organization Merck KGaA. During World War I, it was set up as an autonomous organization from seized resources. From that point forward, it has developed to get one of the main seven biggest pharmaceutical and biotech organizations around the world. Schering-Plow (NYSE: SGP) is one of the medium-sized players in the pharmaceutical business, with deals of $18.5 billion of every 2008. Its two biggest items are immune system drug Remicade, sold universally, and Zetia and Vytorin, a joint endeavor taken with Merck that battles cholesterol. While development of Remicade has been solid, Vytorin has endured a shot after investigations scrutinized its viability contrasted with the more established medication it depends on and in treating blockage of the heart valve. The procedure of the obtaining The Merck and Schering-Plow took the run of the mill switch merger game plan during the securing procedure. The Merck-Schering-Plow merger understanding examines a two-advance exchange including Merck, Schering-Plow, and Schering’s two unique reason, auxiliary holding organizations, Blue, Inc. what's more, Purple, Inc. In sync one of the mergers, Blue will converge into Schering-Plow and each portion of Schering-Plow will be changed over into the option to get (I) 0.5767 portions of the enduring Schering-Plow and (ii) $10.50 in real money. In sync two of the merger, Purple will converge into Merck and each portion of Merck will be changed over into 1 portion of the enduring Schering-Plow. After the fulfillment of these two stages, the enduring Merck will be an entirely claimed auxiliary of the enduring Schering-Plow. However, the investors of pre-merger Merck will possess roughly 68% of the enduring Schering-Plow and investors of pre-merger Schering-Plow will claim around 32% of the enduring Schering-Plow. In spite of the fact that Merck will turn into an auxiliary of Schering-Plow Merck’s pre-merger investors will together have a greater part of the democratic and monetary rights (or helpful responsibility for) new parent organization, Schering-Plow. One quirk of the Merck-Schering reverse merger exchange structure is that between stages one and two Merck ends up in a somewhat dubious circumstance. After the fruition of stage one, Schering’s pre-merger investors will have gotten portions of the enduring Schering-Plow and a money payout, however Merck’s pre-merger investors won't yet have held onto command over the administration of the enduring Schering-Plow. The merger understanding has concocted an approach to ensure Merck’s investors during this administration hole. At the same time with the fulfillment of stage one of the merger, Schering has concurred that its load up will cause the entirety of its executives (other than 3 determined special cases) to leave and to choose the individuals from pre-merger Merck’s governing body as the chiefs of the enduring Schering partnership. Indeed, even before pre-merger Merck’s investors obtain their supermajority portion of the valuable responsibility for enduring Schering enterprise after stage two, they by implication will have just assumed control of the enduring Schering partnership through the appointment of their own executives to the new parent company’s board. The inspiration of the securing Merck faces huge numbers of the difficulties that face every pharmaceutical organization, including issues encompassing patent lapse and FDA endorsement. Patent termination may influence 30% of deals through 2008. Moreover, there is developing weight in the US and abroad to bring down the cost of medicine. Schering-Plow has an especially little pipeline, with not many medications right now being developed. In the close to term, it does anyway have probably the most secure profile in the business, with not many significant licenses coming up for termination in the coming years. The most current merger will bring about a fortified item pipeline in regions, for example, cardiovascular and respiratory ailment and oncology, and ought to in the long run yield $3.5 billion every year in cost reserve funds. Merck is likewise set to be hit by patent expiries of a portion of its top venders in the following decade, while Schering-Plow isn't.

John Olderman, MPA 16, selected as CBC Public Policy Fellow COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

John Olderman, MPA ’16, selected as CBC Public Policy Fellow COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Congratulations to John Olderman, MPA ’16, recently selected as a 2015-16 Citizens Budget Commission Public Policy Fellow. The paid fellowship will give the International Finance and Economic Policy concentrator an opportunity to conduct in-depth research and produce a final report on a certain type of post-employment benefits. “I’m really excited about this,” Olderman told SIPA News. “It’s an opportunity for me to learn about a really important issue that I’m currently not an expert in, and give back to the New York City community in a positive way.” Olderman was nominated for the fellowship by Professor Ester Fuchs, director of the concentration in Urban and Social Policy. He will intern this summer at the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Performance Budgeting, where he will work on capital budgeting, performance indicators, and other fiscal management functions. When he returns to New York in the fall, he will study “other post-employment benefits,” known as OPEBs, which are the benefits other than pensions that state government provide to retirees. Olderman says the cost of health care and other OPEBs will be “a huge issue in New York City and the whole nation” as the Baby Boomer generation begins to retire and live longer. He said OPEBs traditionally sit in trusts and are not invested or protected like pensions, costing taxpayers billions of dollars in the long run, something he looks forward to studying at greater length. The CBC fellowships, now in their second year, recognize outstanding graduate students at public policy programs in New York City. Recipients work 20 hours each week during their final year of study. In addition to conducting research, Olderman will have the opportunity to attend CBC meetings and learn more about both the nonprofit organization’s role as a fiscal watchdog and New York’s city and state governments in general. “This fellowship provides an incredible segue into a potential career in city or state policy,” Olderman said. “I look forward to studying fiscal matters under the tutelage of some of the finest professionals in the field.” Before attending SIPA, Olderman worked in state politics in Maryland. He worked in the Maryland General Assembly and served most recently as chief of staff to Richard S. Madaleno, Jr., a state senator who served as vice chairman of the Budget and Taxation Committee. At SIPA, Olderman has taken courses from both academics and practitioners, including former city comptroller John Liu. He also co-founded the SIPA Policy Working Group, which focuses on domestic public policy. “We talk a lot about politics here but we don’t necessarily walk the walk,” Olderman said, adding that he hopes the group will be able to educate students about how domestic policy is crafted and also help average New Yorkers who may not have the skills or resources advocate for change.

John Olderman, MPA 16, selected as CBC Public Policy Fellow COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

John Olderman, MPA ’16, selected as CBC Public Policy Fellow COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Congratulations to John Olderman, MPA ’16, recently selected as a 2015-16 Citizens Budget Commission Public Policy Fellow. The paid fellowship will give the International Finance and Economic Policy concentrator an opportunity to conduct in-depth research and produce a final report on a certain type of post-employment benefits. “I’m really excited about this,” Olderman told SIPA News. “It’s an opportunity for me to learn about a really important issue that I’m currently not an expert in, and give back to the New York City community in a positive way.” Olderman was nominated for the fellowship by Professor Ester Fuchs, director of the concentration in Urban and Social Policy. He will intern this summer at the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Performance Budgeting, where he will work on capital budgeting, performance indicators, and other fiscal management functions. When he returns to New York in the fall, he will study “other post-employment benefits,” known as OPEBs, which are the benefits other than pensions that state government provide to retirees. Olderman says the cost of health care and other OPEBs will be “a huge issue in New York City and the whole nation” as the Baby Boomer generation begins to retire and live longer. He said OPEBs traditionally sit in trusts and are not invested or protected like pensions, costing taxpayers billions of dollars in the long run, something he looks forward to studying at greater length. The CBC fellowships, now in their second year, recognize outstanding graduate students at public policy programs in New York City. Recipients work 20 hours each week during their final year of study. In addition to conducting research, Olderman will have the opportunity to attend CBC meetings and learn more about both the nonprofit organization’s role as a fiscal watchdog and New York’s city and state governments in general. “This fellowship provides an incredible segue into a potential career in city or state policy,” Olderman said. “I look forward to studying fiscal matters under the tutelage of some of the finest professionals in the field.” Before attending SIPA, Olderman worked in state politics in Maryland. He worked in the Maryland General Assembly and served most recently as chief of staff to Richard S. Madaleno, Jr., a state senator who served as vice chairman of the Budget and Taxation Committee. At SIPA, Olderman has taken courses from both academics and practitioners, including former city comptroller John Liu. He also co-founded the SIPA Policy Working Group, which focuses on domestic public policy. “We talk a lot about politics here but we don’t necessarily walk the walk,” Olderman said, adding that he hopes the group will be able to educate students about how domestic policy is crafted and also help average New Yorkers who may not have the skills or resources advocate for change.

The First Amendment Of Freedom Of Speech - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 743 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/27 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: First Amendment Essay Freedom of Speech Essay Did you like this example? For this essay I have picked symbolic speech and a seditious speech. All of these speeches come under the First Amendment of freedom of speech. This is controversial and generates lot of arguments sometimes on a national level. So, what is freedom of speech in reality? It states that the United States Constitution prevents Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or to petition for a governmental For my symbolic speech I have chosen the Texas Vs Johnson court case. An exceptionally disputable court case in American history was Texas vs. Johnson (1984). In 1984, a man named Gregory Lee Johnson joined the individuals who were protesting against Regan to show their opposition of exploitation of third world nations by the American Government. This act of resistance brought about in the burning of the American flag. Out of around one hundred demonstrators who were included in this protest, Johnson was exclusively charged with the crime of burning the American flag. Johnson was indicted under Texas law, which made the burning of the national or the state flag a crime. Johnson was indicted and sentenced to one year in prison and fined two thousand dollars for his wrongdoing in compensation. Johnson went to the court and his defense stated that under the symbolic speech he did not do anything wrong. And, in the end the court ruled in Johnsons favor protecting his right to free speech under the First Amendment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The First Amendment Of Freedom Of Speech" essay for you Create order I disagree with the ruling little bit because even though the punishment was little too harsh for the crime. I disagree because if someone or some group has a problem with governments actions against their own or some other country, they shouldnt start burning flags or other things. Burning a national flag is disrespectful since it is not going to change anything and it will send a wrong signal to others that doing this is a right way to show your opposition to any policy. There are lot of things which we dont agree with but that should not result in a violence or burning flags and other things. Protect can be done in a peaceful manner and there are other avenues to make your voice and opinion heard. For my seditious speech, which provokes people to tumble the government. It also targets a particular leader in the government and it was criminalized back when the Alien and Sedition Act was introduced. Brandenburg versus Ohio case which occurred in 1969 is one of the example of sedition. Brandenburg was a Ku Klux Klan leader who planned a rally in Hamilton County, Ohio. Brandenburg called a columnist in Cincinnati before the rally was about to commence in order to communicate the occasion he was holding. Around twelve individuals from the Klan went to the occasion, at which they seared a cross. Brandenburg was dressed in a Klan uniform and conveyed a speech expressing We are not an exacting retribution association, but if our President, our Congress, our Supreme Court, keep on suppressing the white Caucasian race, its conceivable that there might need to be some vengeance taken. Amid the rally, around twelve individuals shouted bigot remarks and furthermore needed Jews to be sent back to Israel. After this Brandenburg was indicted and convicted in violation of Ohios Criminal Syndicalism Act. Brandenburg appealed against his indictment but it was overthrown because it was unlawful for any organization to assemble to provoke violence, terrorism etc. to accomplish any sort of reform. He then went to appeal in the Ohio Supreme Court and they also rejected his appeal on grounds that there werent any genuine constitutional issues involved. Brandenburg did not stop there and appealed in the Supreme Court and finally the Supreme Court overturned his conviction stating that it is against the first and fourteenth amendment. I do not agree with the Supreme Court to overturn his conviction because rallies like this can create a nationwide hatred which can lead to a greater violence across the country. No matter how much we disagree with the government and their policies we must not burn down any religious symbols or anything for that matter because it will not solve the underlying issue or issues. Any protest, rally or speech which results in an act of violence must be stopped and the person responsible treason must be punished.

The Gap Between Academia And Clinical Practice - 857 Words

According to Billing and Halstead (2012), the goals from Healthy People 2020 includes a focus on reducing disparities, preventable diseases, disability, injury, and premature death in improving health care for all. Further, the role of the nurse educator must bridge the gap between academia and clinical practice. Nursing education faces great transformation as faculty strive to adapt curricula to prepare graduates at all levels of education for an increasingly complex workforce that has greater practice expectations and a heavier reliance on the use of advanced technologies (Billing Halstead, 2012). On the other hand, the purpose of Healthy People 2020 is unity and a vision that can mobilize communities. Healthy People captures both our legacy and promise for a healthier nation (Koh, 2010). Beall (2011), mentioned that the Healthy People 2020 four goal consist of 1) attaining high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death; 2) achievin g health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health of all groups; 3) creating social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and 4) promoting quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all stages of life. The Healthy People 2020 goal that correlates to this author as a nurse educator are all the four Healthy People 2020 goals in attaining high-quality of life, achieving health equity, creating good health for all, and promoting quality of lifeShow MoreRelatedCritical Appraisal Of The Literature Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagesand strategies for dealing with the problem. Identifying keywords selected for the search were nurse faculty shortage, nurse faculty, nurse faculty shortage solutions, and global nurse faculty shortage. 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The Impact Of Economic Growth On The World And The...

Introduction It is claimed by (Reich, 2010), that economic growth leads to prosperity in the developed, emerging and developing world. The argument is focused on the negative effects of slow economic growth for the world and the environment. This essay provides a selection of theories with unique perspectives regarding the different impacts of economic growth on countries around the world. It will also explore the different methods/theories discussed by academics for best achieving economic growth. Aiming to provide a critical insight to the issues involved in economic growth, this essay will focus firstly on what economic growth means, then going on to consider different theories of achieving economic growth. The way different countries with differing development levels improve economic growth will also be observed. Arguably the most fundamental questions in economics revolve around why some countries have an abundance of wealth while others struggle for the basic necessities. According to data found on the World Bank website, GDP per capita for the US is approximately 28 times that of Bangladesh. This critical essay aims to demonstrate an understanding of why this occurs, using relevant theory and proven case studies as evidence. (Radhakrishnan, 2012) discusses how this translates into a vast difference of the standard of living between the populations of those 2 countries. Its very clear that the reasoning behind such differences should be addressed. Section 1 ThisShow MoreRelatedEconomic Growth and the Environment1594 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Growth and Environment Introduction Economic growth and the use of environmental resources go hand in hand. No country or economy will be able to sustain economic growth without using the natural resources available in the environment. 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Human Resource Management Spend Money & Efforts for Recruitment

Question: Provide analysis of a human resource management issue outlined below. Statement: Organisations should spend tremendous amount of money and efforts into their recruitment and selection processes. Answer: Organizations should spend tremendous amount of money and efforts into their recruitment and selection processes- For the Topic Yes, Organization must expend remarkable quantity of money and efforts into their recruitment and selection process because for organization public are essential part ('Research Methods in HRM', 2015). No organization can run without its human resources ('FACULTY RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION', 2012). In todays extremely difficult and aggressive situation, selection of right person at the right place has remote success implication for an organization performance. Employees well selected and well located would not only donate to the well-organized running of the organization, but recommend important potential for upcoming replacement. This hire is an important purpose. The method of hiring being with human resources planning which help to establish the amount and type on organization needs ('Research Methods in HRM', 2015). Job analysis and job design enable to identify the job and duty of hobs and condition estimated from potential job HRP. Job design help to recognize the type of people required in an organization. For this, select the best candidate while recruitment and selection organization required spending tremendous amount of money and efforts ('Research Methods in HRM', 2015). Yes, cost concern is connected to the numeral of recruits. If you dont employ a lot of people each years, its possibly not value have in accommodation recruitment employees. If you do, its value measure the cost efficiency of outsourcing beside the cost of have an in- house side and a well- developed occupation place with a front and back end recruitment organization. Yes, external recruitment can be costly if you are a small business and do a huge number of hire per years. Invest in various kind of recruitment technology as well as a fine recruiter or two on sites who recognize your business, your product and your background (Abou-Moghli, 2015). Some of the recruiting technology is the following were the organization need to spend money are: Google for people or E- recruiting- As our, reside is more switch to online; we leaves following a more and more wide digital follow ('Briefing', 2014). Several of the company are initially to guide and combined all this motion to build rich outline ('FACULTY RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION', 2012). Mobile, daily a higher proportion of internet traffic come from mobiles devices. Ericsson report that the internet usage on mobile strategy doubled from the end of 2011 to2012. Wider net, pickier employers, a company is simply as good as the employee it hires (Evans Price, 2015). In the information economy, know-how employers recognize what it takes to obtain top aptitude, put up a wide net and make the right selection (Stein, 2012). The technology to resource smarter and quicker is now. Engage candidates over the internet is simple. Death of the resume, the continue lacks situation. Employers desire circumstance, apply with social profile gives employers the sequence they require to make an e asier and more knowledgeable hiring choice ('Research Methods in HRM', 2015). Organizations should spend tremendous amount of money and efforts into their recruitment and selection processes- Against the Topic No, organization should not spend tremendous amount of money and efforts into their recruitment and selection processes because, while investing a lot of money in recruitment and selection company taking huge risk on it and on the other hand they are wasting lots of money into it, ('FACULTY RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION', 2012).One mistake of selecting wrong candidate made a company huge amount of loss. In todays world of changing environment every organization has their long term as well a short term goals. While fulfilling their goals company spend lots of money on it ('FACULTY RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION', 2012). Without spending money company can recruit select candidates like for: Campus recruitment, in this type of recruitment Process company visit numerous of the well-known university or qualified institution in an effort to recruit fresher and trainees from mostly enthusiastic , motivated human resources which is alertly selected, chosen and to make great outcome. This method of recruitment can roll out to be relatively beneficial for both the company and the fresher and trainees (Gomez, 2014). Volume hiring, it is and renovate process were candidates are selected for high level roles ('FACULTY RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION', 2012). In this judgment promise that only pre employment selection will applicant in afterward stages of your recruitment process such as debate or on situation testing. Our company Recruitment chief present brilliance services at the correct time by making easy to get the correct fit for the accurate position. We take delight in our team of head seeker who has been successful deliver best recruitment solution to all our customers (McConnell, 2015).Executive research, it counsel the most complete executive selection process in the business, as the SPPNL expend important time with each and every individual candidates to estimate their strength and weak point previous to present them for an interview. SPPNL plays an important role here by reform the staffing actions in an organized and effective way (Evans Price, 2015). Executive investigate is disturbed as a task of highly active and responsibilities. In employee your appropriate candidate we team up with equals in our agency with our financial executive recruitment and with our job purpose expert. Our modified seek strategies and through approach which means you will not misuse your essential time with candidates, if we are prejudiced that they can assemble your necessities (Evans Price, 2015). These are the few methods were organization can recruit and select their candidate without spending their tremendous amount of money and efforts on it. Save time, money and infrastructure of your organization because it is very important part of the organization. Organization can deals with their employees who are associated with complexity, query without spending their money ('FACULTY RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION', 2012). References Abou-Moghli, A. (2015). Recruitment and Selection and Their Effect in Achieving the Institutional Excellence.International Business Research,8(3). doi:10.5539/ibr.v8n3p156 Briefing. (2014).Recruiting Retaining Adult Learners,17(4), 2-2. doi:10.1002/nsr.30012 Evans, N., Price, J. (2015). Enterprise information asset management: the roles and responsibilities of executive boards.Knowl Manage Res Pract. doi:10.1057/kmrp.2014.39 Faculty Recruitment And Selection. (2012).Higher Education Abstracts,47(1), 23-23. doi:10.1111/j.2150-1092.2011.00033_22.x Gomez, C. (2014). Good communication should permeate every aspect of campus safety.Campus Security Report,11(9), 3-3. doi:10.1002/casr.30013 McConnell, C. (2015). Exchanging Honest Employment References.The Health Care Manager,34(1), 81-90. doi:10.1097/hcm.0000000000000041 Research Methods in HRM. (2015).Human Resource Management,54(1), no-no. doi:10.1002/hrm.21711 Stein, L. (2012). Casting a Wider Net.Science,338(6113), 1422-1423. doi:10.1126/science.1230710

D2 Measurong Youngs modulus of copper Essay Example

D2 Measurong Youngs modulus of copper Paper In this experiment, The Youngs modulus of copper will be mesured . Apparatus copper wire 4m G-clamp polley on clamp -2*Wooden block 2*rule (half meter and meter rule) slotted mass with hanger 15 Â  0. 1 kg adhesive label -micrometer screw gauge -safety goggles -polystyrene board (Warning : Wear safety goggles when doing this experiment ) Theory When a spring is stretched or compressed by a force. The extension is directly proportional to the applied force. This relationship known as Hookes law. Force=ke. However,the law is used when the proportional limit is not exceeded. To further investigate how the material behaves when it is stressed,we define: The stress applied to the wire is defined as the force applied per unit cross-sectional area. Stress = force per unit area =F/A (where F is the force or tension in the wire, A is the cross-sectional area) When the wire being stretched,it is under strain. The strain is defined as the extension per unit length. Strain = extension per unit length = e/l (where e is the extension and l is the unstretched length of the wire) We will write a custom essay sample on D2 Measurong Youngs modulus of copper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on D2 Measurong Youngs modulus of copper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on D2 Measurong Youngs modulus of copper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Withon the proportional limit,the ration stress/strain is a constant whose value depends on the material of the wire. It is known as the Young modulus of the material E = stress/strain = (F/A)/(e/l) = Fl/Ae From this law,a material with larger Youngs modulus means a greater stress is required to produce the same strain than another material with smaller Youngs modulus gives how stiff a material is. In this experiment, we will hang different loads (m) to one end of a copper wire of length l and diameter d. The extension (e) for each load is measured. From the slope of the straight part of the m-e graph, Youngs modulus of copper can be found. Since F=mg and A= cross-sectional area of the wire = ? (d/2)2 = ? d2/4, Youngs modulus of the copper wire is given by E = Fl/Ae = mgl/(? d2/4)e = m/e x 4gl/? d2 = slope of graph x 4gl/? d2 Procedure 1. To measure the diameter of the wire at two end and the center of the wire by using a micrometer screw gauge to take the mean value of the diameter. 2. The apparatus is seted on the bench as shown in Fig. D2. 1. 3. Fix an adhesive label on the copper wire as a marker 4. Measure the unstretched original length of the wire before addong slotted mass to the wire (from the wooden blocks to the slotted mass) 5. The copper was loaded in steps and the extension produced was recorded. Steps were continued until the wire broke Results 1st measurement 2nd measurement 3rd measurement . 2 1. 3 1. 4 0. 0042 0. 005 0. 007 0. 009 0. 015 0. 036 0. 087 0. 155 Before the load increase to 0. 7 kg. The extension is nearly proportional to the force . Also stress is nearly proprtional to strain. After the load is beyond 0. 7kg,extension is not proportional to force and stree is not proportional to strain. The plastic deformation occur. The wire does not return completely to its original length . The wire broke whn the load is increase to 1. 4 kg. This part of graph obeys Hookes law. Fig. 4 % strain = extension / original length x 100% = 0. 0042/ 3. 95x 100% = 0. 106% Fig. 4 shows the best straight line through the points of the straight part of the graph. Slope of load-extension graph = 189. 72 kgm-1 Youngs modulus of copper E = slope of graph x 4gl/? d2 =189. 72 x 4(10)(3. 95)/? (0. 000278)2 =123. 46109 Pa Error estimation Sraw lines of maximum and minimum slope through the points of the graph. Find the slope and take the large deviation from the slope of the fitted graph as the error Maximum slope = 208. 77 Minimum slope = 163. 15 Error in slope = i 26. 57 % error in slope =14.00 % Estimate the possible errors in l and d and express them as percentages Error in l = 0. 1cm/2 = i 0. 05cm % error in l =0. 0127% Error in d = i 0. 005mm %error in d = 0. 0180% Hence, estimate the % error in E. % error in E = % error in slope + % error in l + 2 i % error in d = 14. 00% + 0. 0127% + 2 i 0. 0180% = 14. 049% Error in E = i 1. 7345i 1012 Discussion From the graph of Fig. 4 . The wire is undergo a proportional limit before the load increase to 0. 7 kg. Its obeys Hookes law. When the load is not reach to a yield point. The wire can returns to its original length when the load is removed. In this graph . The slope of the graph of load against extension determines the Youngs modulus. When the load is beyond the yield point. The plastic deformation will occur. The wire does not return completely to its original length . It will contain a permanent extension. Then the load is added to the wire continuously. The extension of the wire is more signifiance.. The wire narrows uniformly. In our experiment,The maximum stress at the breaking point. Break is due to the wire narrows unevenly to form necks. There are some precautions for this experiment. When we read the value of the length of the wire. It is more accuracy as we observe the value vertically. Moreover,when the load is add on the wire. It is more suitable to add slowly. This can avoid the force added by our hand. Besides,students should wear safety goggles when doing this experiment. It can protect our eye is hited by the wire. Youngs modulus is more useful than force constant because the Youngs modulus depend on the force per unit cross sectional area. Also,the extension is per unit length. It is more accuracy than the force constant which is only depend on the relationship between the force and extension. From the book called NEW WAY PHYSICS. the youngs modulus of the copper is 124109 Pa. Also from http://www. answers. com/topic/young-s-modulus. the Youngs modulus is between110 to 130 x109 Pa. Compare with our result. It is 124109 Pa. The answer is very close to the reference answer. It is because we take all of the value very carefullyand seriously for decrease the error. Conclusion The Youngs modulus is depend on the materials. The Young modulus of copper which measure by our group is 124109 Pa.

Corporations and the Environment essays

Corporations and the Environment essays I feel that the responsibility for keeping the environment clean does not rest with the corporations who pollute it, but with the government who does not stop them. If there are no laws and regulations that are enforced by the government for the corporations to follow then they are in no way accountable for their actions. They will in most likely hood simply pollute the environment in order to gain a buck or save a buck. A good example of this is when certain corporations turn their filters off at night time in order to save money on energy. If the government does not enforce the laws the corporations will continue doing so and adding pollutants to our environment. Changes need to be made in the monitoring of the amount of emissions that certain corporations put out on an ongoing basis. This is needed to track the corporations who are following the laws and the ones who are not. Government needs to establish a system that will enable them to enforce corporations to meet their guidelines. Perhaps a system that deals out a suitable punishment that fits the crime as well as incentives for those who meet and go beyond the system. Possible ideas are tax credits and rebates for companies meeting the targets set by the government. Another good idea would be for the government to offer incentives for investors who look at environmentally friendly companies as opposed to looking at those corporations who are not known for being environmentally active. Such incentives could include tax credits on the individuals tax return. Corporations need to be held accountable and the government needs to be the one responsible for making them so. Laws, regulations and incentives need to introduced and enforced if we want to leave our children and their children a world in which they can live without fearing the air that they breath and the water that they drink. ...

Bobbitt and Today's Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bobbitt and Today's Goals - Essay Example Today, output maximization and cost minimization have been factored in other numerous goals to be achieved. In other words, cost and output are not the only concerns when it comes to achievement of goals. A fundamental aspect of social and economic welfare has been introduced in the contemporary times. This is due to the fact that output can be maximized and cost minimized (Flinders & Thornton, 2004) without any effect on the social and economic welfare. Therefore, social and economic welfare has become a contemporary primary goal, with cost and output concerns acting as aiding tools to the realization of the underlying goal. Educational institutions should critically position work of adults in their programs. Mirroring work of adults would critically establish a rich ground for the stakeholders involved to infer, relate information, and undertake studies across variant sources for diversified knowledge. The idea is to enhance the quality of programs and systems run by educational institutions for the benefit of all stakeholders on board. Work of adults, therefore, could be one of the core pillars of educational

Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case Analysis - Essay Example Yale University determined in a recent study that incidences of weight discrimination rivals race discrimination (the top charge filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission each year), and that women are twice as likely to be discriminated against as are men, and several such claims have been successfully pursued in court. Although federal employment laws and state laws, save Michigan, do not explicitly prohibit weight discrimination, there are however circumstances wherein discriminating according to weight falls under the coverage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (Personnel Legal Alert, 2008). The following are among the circumstances wherein discrimination claims may result based on obesity as a protected characteristic under this Act: In the case of Dr. Soysa, we are not given any information about the possible conditions attendant to her obesity, but for the purpose of avoiding litigation, it would be safer to assume that diabetes, heart disease or hypertension may be present. In this case, the Hospital, as employer, may not use her obesity as reason for forgoing awarding her the promotion. There are two pieces of legislation that have to do with discriminating according to age. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) applies to employees 40 years of age or older, working for employers of 20 or more employees (EEOC, 2008). The Age Discrimination Act of 1975 prohibits discrimination on the basis of age in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance. The Act applies to all ages (DOL, 2010). The ADEA is clearly not applicable here because Dr. Soysa is not being discriminated because she is too old (40 or above), but because she was supposedly â€Å"too young†. And unless the hospital falls under â€Å"programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance†, not

Decline of British Trade Union Membership: Causes

Decline of British Trade Union Membership: Causes Introduction The purpose of this essay is to analyse the factors leading to rapid decline of British trade union membership in the 1980s and 1990s. According to MacKenzie (2008), unions in industrialised countries have faced challenges associated with labour market restructuring. The restructuring happened due to liberalisation and privatisation of the sectors, downsizing the direct workforce and use of sub-contracts. According to Armstrong (2006) the political condition and change of economic condition with the effect of globalisation are the major factors contributing the change in trade union operation and its decline of membership. There are other factors also, one of them, according to Machin (2000) is union inability or unwillingness to unionise the growing number of new workplaces. The introduction of HRM(human Resource Management) concept and practice within the organisations as observed by Taylor (2003) contributed to the introduction of employee relations as a concept that broadened the study of industrial relations from a union focus to include wider aspects of the employment relationship, including non-unionised workplaces, personal contracts, and socio-emotional, rather than contractual arrangements. It is quite clear there are many factors responsible for the decline of trade union membership. It is important to look at British trade union history briefly to get a perspective of its function, growth and difficulties it is facing. As Stephen Dunn (2009) observed the British trade union experienced extraordinary growth for quarter century till 1950s in terms of its membership, activities and ability to carry on collective bargaining on the backdrop of World War 2 and changing socio-economic condition. That progress slowed down but it was still growing till 1970s when it again experienced rapid growth in its membership. The time after 1980s then continued to 1990s and 2000 the trade union membership experienced rapid fall and from 2000 it started stabilising with very slow increase. The report prepared by Cockburn (2009) shows the recorded trade union membership of 7,656,156 in 2008-09, compares to 7,627,693 reported in the previous period. This indicates an increase of 28,463 members or 0.37%. The total recorded membership of around 7.6 million compares with a peak of 13.2 m illion in 1979. The essay will try to discuss about various factors responsible for the decline in membership. Economic Factors The British economy saw many changes after World War 2 in terms of its growth, flexibility and approach. According to David Farnham (1997) there are three major changes happened in international and UKs domestic economy since 1950s and very prominently after 1980s. First, the developing countries restructured their manufacturing industries to become important exporters of manufactured and semi-manufactured goods in Europe, North America and Australasia. Second, the developed countries started moving from manufacturing to service economy thus non-manufacturing industries started growing in these countries. Third, the new emerging markets of East Europe and breaking down of Soviet Union created new opportunities for trade. The above changes had direct impact on UK economy and resulted in declining of number of people employed in manufacturing industries by 45% from 1979 and 1996, David Farnham (1997). There was an expansion on non-manual jobs, professional jobs also the number of worki ng people grew from 25 million in 1971 to 28 million in 1996. The above changes are reflected on British economy and have long lasting effect on life style of people. It also brings more completion in the market from external suppliers and changed the focus of British economy from large, nationalised, manufacturing based economy to privately owned, relatively small and service oriented. The idea of Globalisation in mid 1980s, as described by David Farnham (1997) saw capitalism as the major globalising dynamic and constantly increasing the scale of production and consumption. The increase in trade and commerce with new markets opened new scope as well as competition. The focus of the economy changed to mass produced, cheap products to meet high volume of demand and consumers aspirations. Thus British economy experienced imported products from East Asian countries which resulted in decrease of manufacturing industries in Britain. With the number of people in employment increased the a bility to buy, availability of easy credit and other factors contributed developing of overall living standard of the people. This change in economic condition made the trade union membership less attractive and the collectiveness started eroding among members resulted in decline of membership. Political Factors The British politics observed influence of two political parties The Conservatives and The Labour between 1970 and 2000; their ideological differences were prominent in their policies. The strategy of Conservative party who was in power from 1979 to 1997, as observed by David Farnham (1997), were influential in reducing public expenditure, cut taxation and state borrowing, privatised the nationalised industries and other public sectors, deregulate the economy, working towards free market, free trade, free enterprise, legislation to curb the powers of trade unions to free up labour market as well as undermine collectivism in favour of individualism at work places. As Ed Rose (2008) observed the employers right to manage was reinforced by restricting powers and activities of trade union and encouraged fluidity and flexibility within the labour market. According to Ed Rose (2008) the result is private sector employers achieve greater control over the work and labour process. In 1997 whe n the Labour party formed government they promised to change its traditional Labour policy, as observed by David Farnham (1997), towards promoting competition, pursue tough, efficient regulation, working as a partner to both employers and employee, fairness but no favour to the trade union and last but not the least no return to secondary action, strike without ballots or trade union law of the 1970s. Moreover, consecutive governments passed various legislations which curb the power of trade union and strengthen the hands of employers as well as encourage individualism over the collectivism. According to Millward (2000) and Kersley (2006), the union experienced decline of the unionised sector, collective representation which resulted in fall of collective bargaining with pay and other issues. As observed by Taylor (2003), somewhat hostile treatment from the Government and the policies, legislature changes that are made to restrict trade union power and activities were responsible fo r trade union to lose relevance in private sector organisations and also put challenge in front of trade union to adapt its functioning with the changing circumstance failing of which saw decline in membership and inability to connect with new workplaces. Industrial Factors The period from 1970s as observed by Ed Rose (2008), saw restructuring of British industry in terms of management style of employment relationship, increasing emphasis on communicating with workforce and workplace representation of employees. The result of these changes are adopting anti-union strategies, shifting from pluralist to more unitarist style by many private sectors. Both private and public sector organisations adopted HRM practices, strategies and models of employment engagement thus moving away from collectivism to individualism. As observed by Kersley (2006), Milward (2000), the restructuring of British industry saw the shift from manufacturing economy to service economy, the introduction of technology, computerisation and information technology paved the way for developing specialised skills, part-time, fixed and temporary work contract which resulted significant increase in labour market insecurity and have impact on employment relationship. Moreover, as Ed Rose (2008) pointed out with the changing economic condition and focus on cost saving many organisations sub-contract their fringe jobs to small or other organisations and only concentrate on core activities thus number of employees within the organisation has substantially decreased resulting decrease of employees bargaining power within the organisation. The drive for employing multi-skilled employees also reduced the dependence on specific employee to complete a task thus decreased the level of job security among employees resulting shift of balance towards employers control more than the employees. Trade Unions Internal Factors According to Curran (2006), the trade unions become too institutionalized which prevents it from progressing rather tied up in its own structure with the control power to the full time management of the Trade Union. According to him trade union leaders suffered complacency and forgot to remind people the good work of trade union movement and lot still can be done for those who are being exploited by organizing collective bargaining. Moreover, trade union failed to create connection with the new immigrant workers who would have been highly benefitted from trade union support as they were recruited for low skilled, low paid and most of the times were exploited. He observed that trade unions failed to recognize and adapt itself with the change that the society experienced due to political, economical and the effect of globalization. The trade unions need to understand that they have to adapt and organise its function according to the need of the situation, the advent of technology, pros perity and disposable income has changed the lifestyle of the trade union members but as an organization Trade Union failed to adopt itself with that change and got stuck with the philosophy, style and culture of trade unions foundation time. Moreover, many large Trade Unions still struggle to get rid of their Masculinity culture when the reality is almost 40% of the working population are women and it is difficult for the women to become member of trade union and associate with its day to day activities. As observed by Bob Carter(2004), the Trade Union need to redirect recruitment of members who are in part-timers contract of employment; change bargaining priorities to reflect part-timers concerns; and to change union organization and representation to facilitate participation by part-timers. It is quite evident from the above discussion that trade unions failed to change its priority and redesign its role to suit with the changing world and thus it became somewhat irrelevant to so me members which directly reflected in decline of membership. Future of Trade Union The prediction of future of Trade Union membership and prospect is difficult but can only be done based on past experience, available data and survey results. According to Ed Rose (2008), the evidence shows that there is very less likely the New Labour Government will change the direction of policies towards empowering and giving more authority to the trade unions. It is evident that the balance is more towards the Employers than trade union in controlling employee relationship. Moreover, the specialist skills of managers to deal with employer engagement, various legislations passed to provide more provisions and empower individualism and limiting collective bargaining are the clear indications of limiting trade union roles and powers in future. According to Kersley (2006), the change in giving standard contract to the employees and increase of special kind of contracts like consultancy, fixed term, term time, temporary, part time also private organisations support to non-unionised o rganisations and improving individual employee engagement programme as well as government legislations to support individualism are some of the biggest hindrance towards improving Trade Union membership. According to Ed Rose (2008), the prospect of increasing Trade Union membership looks bleak but analysing the present situation of increase in unemployment, increase of women membership in trade union as revealed from recent surveys and the indications are there that this trend is going to continue as well as the growing general perception among employees that employers are responsible for unfair treatment at workplace may help to improve the situation of trade union membership. There three strategies as suggested by Ed Rose (2008) could change the situation of decreasing Trade Union membership are Servicing Model, Partnership Approach and Organising Model to suit with the changing economic, political and industrial conditions. According to these models the Trade Union need to give service to its individual member by devoting more resources to the enforcement of their rights, be a partner with the employers to achieve competitive advantage for the firm and add values to the service pr ovided as a trade union and last but not the least to organise support for the workforce to solve conflicts and maintain a strong presence throughout. The above models may be theoretically looks good but there are contradictions and depends how well they are executed as well as perception of the role to all the stake holders. There can be element of low level of trust between employers and Trade Union on each other as Partnership Approach can contradict Organising Model. The whole situation of maintaining relationship with both employers and employees can be very difficult if the interest of employees and employers on specific issues are vastly different and in that situation it can be difficult for trade union to follow the above models as this can be perceived as contradictory to each other. According to Peter Wilby (2010), with the growing globalisation and the organisations tendency to move to the countries with cheap labour and favourable business environment, legislation, it is the time for the trade union to think globally as well as strengthening their local roots to strengthen the trade union movement. The trade unions should create a global Union to stop exploiting labour cause anywhere in the world and thus fight for the jobs for local people. It is important for trade union for its own survival to organise movement for local people and working proactively to increase membership, more reliant on its own strength and less dependent on political party like The Labour party introducing favourable legislation to empower Trade Union. According to Curran (2006), trade union should realise that changing its culture and style is not a threat to its values rather a way to sustain its principles of maintaining equality, liberty and solidarity at workplace. The growing tre nd of capitalism in the society creates hour glass situation in organisations where some people at top are enjoying all the benefits and those at the bottom are struggling and their family is experience stress and low prospect of development. This economic condition and stress to fulfil every demand to maintain good lifestyle and the realisation by trade union to change its style of functioning will help to improve the prospect of improving trade union membership in next five years. Though it is difficult to predict if it will able to touch its peak in terms of membership but it will definitely be able to improve current situation in terms of membership. Toyota: Corporate Social Responsibility Toyota: Corporate Social Responsibility The history of Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) which is a Japan based-company begins when it is established at 1937 by the founder, Kiichiro Toyoda. (Toyota Motor Corporation n.d.) Since then, the company has started to emerge into the industry of automobile manufacturing until now. As of today, Toyota is one of the worlds leading company manufacturing vehicles and parts. In order to move fast to keep pace with other competitors and to maintain its position and reputation in the business, Toyota has practiced the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy which is Contribution towards Sustainable Development. (Toyota Motor Corporation n.d.) With this policy, Toyota does not only concentrate in maximizing its profit as they also contribute in taking care of the welfare of the society and the environment. Nowadays, most of the consumers are highly educated and environmentally conscious as they are demanding for more than just a high quality or a reasonable price product. Therefore, To yota has to make sure that they can balance up the needs of the society and consumers. Besides producing high quality vehicles, Toyota also has to respond to the environmental issues which have been occurred. In this new era, Toyota is taking every steps and precautions to protect the environment. They may proclaim that they have done good to the society by implementing some policies or concepts such as the introduction to the hybrid cars. But how far could they go? One of the good examples is when Toyota Prius was first launched in 1997. Many has criticized and questioned about the Priuss green concept which uses the hybrid system. Production of hybrid cars is one of the responses of Toyota towards the issue of global warming and the limits of fossil fuel. (Toyota Motor Corporation n.d.) In producing this car especially the battery itself, it actually causes more harm to the environment. One of the biggest concerns about this car is that Prius battery contains nickel metal hydride. (Prius Outdoes Hummer in Environmental Damage 2007) Based on the newswire, the nickel is mined and smelted at a plant in Sudbury, Ontario which leads to environmental damage to the surrounding area. This has f urther leads the NASAs astronaut trainees to practice moon rovers around the Sudbury plant which is badly destructed. (Prius Outdoes Hummer in Environmental Damage 2007) Also, there are many critics who comment on the shipping footprint of the nickel battery. The smelted nickel from Sudbury is shipped to Wales for refinery and to be made into nickel foam at China. The completed batteries which are made in Japan would be then shipped to United States when the car is ready. (Hodges 2009) This has creates doubt about Toyotas environmental aspect as the production process of the battery is not helping in reducing emissions but in fact, the shipping process has already consumed a lot of fossil fuels which would lead to air pollution. Back in 2003, Toyota is questioned about its philosophies towards green environment. Toyota is facing a lawsuit from The Department of Justice and the Environment Protection Agency for violating Clean Air Act. (BJS, 2003) Upon Toyotas application for Certificates of Conformity, it has claimed that Toyota has sold 2.2 million vehicles which were different from the statements in the application. According to the United States government, Toyota has failed to disclose limitation in the operation of the on-board diagnostic system that checks for leaks in vehicles. (BJS, 2003) Because of the leakage problem, Toyota is involved in causing pollution as fuel that vapors into the air would lead to the ozone pollution. Due to this matter, the consumers of Toyota vehicles do not know that they are actually indirectly involved in polluting the environment. Another case which leads to a doubtful thought about Toyotas environmental friendly principles is when Toyota is sued by California at year 2 006. (Glaister 2006) Toyota and several other automakers are to take the blame for producing large amount of vehicles that releases huge quantities of carbon dioxide which contributes to global warming. According to the states Democratic attorney general, global warming is bringing harm to Californias economy, environment, public health and agriculture. (Glaister 2006) Though Toyota is making revolution by producing hybrid cars and building more fuel-efficient vehicles, Toyotas image and reputation are blemished by the lawsuits that it faced before. In spite of the criticism of the nickel battery and the lawsuit cases against Toyota, the company has actually poured a lot of effort in protecting the environment. Based on Toyotas sustainability concept, it has focused on three areas comprise of technology, manufacturing and social contribution. (Toyota Motor Corporation n.d.) Research and Development (RD) is categorized in the area of technology and one of the RD that Toyota has created is that they have engineered its own flower species. (Merchant 2009) The carbon dioxide released by its Prius assembly operations is offset by this new plant species. The flowers are derived from the cherry sage and gardenia which helps to absorb nitrogen oxides and to reduce the heat of the atmosphere. (Merchant 2009) Toyota should be praised because it has discovered something special in those flowers. Both the flowers have unique characteristics as the sages leaves can absorb harmful gases whereas gardenias leaves can reduce the temperature of t he factorys surroundings by creating water vapor in the air. (Blackburn 2009) With this, Toyota can concentrate in finding and doing research in advanced technology to produce hybrid cars as they have found a greener way to reduce the emissions of the manufacturing process. This also has shown that Toyota has gone beyond their industry area to look for alternatives and new innovations to preserve the environment. Their action would definitely build up its reputation and image among the stakeholders especially the consumers. In committing towards sustainable development, Toyota is also taking initiatives to develop the manufacturing process through a greener way. It cannot be denied that Toyota is actually polluting the environment during the process of manufacturing and producing the vehicles and car batteries. Hence, Toyota is designing and manufacturing its vehicles based on the concept of three Rs which consists of reduce, reuse and recycle. (Toyota Europe n.d.) Toyota has been manufacturing vehicles with recyclable materials as cars are actually built by plastics that are difficult to be recycled. Therefore, Toyota has created Toyota Super Olefin Polymer which is a special recyclable plastic to make car bumpers and other parts. It can then be recycled and used for many times. (Toyota Europe n.d) Besides, Toyota also has indirectly encouraged the consumers and dealers to be involved in recycling program. For example, each of the battery of the Prius car has a phone number on it to ensure every batter y goes back to Toyota for the purpose of recycling it and dealers are to be paid $200 for each battery. (Richard 2005) Other than that, Toyota has also stepped in further in the area of recycling. For instance, Toyota has built up a waste collection systems. It is for the purpose of retrieving used parts such as tyres, batteries and oil filters from European dealers to send them back for recovery. (Toyota Europe n.d.) In order to contribute to the society, Toyota has involved in various environmental activities. One of them is shown by Toyotas support of Planet Arks National Tree Day. National Tree Day is one of the Australias biggest community tree planting events which falls on August 1, 2010. (Tree Day n.d.) It is a special day where all the Australians would gather around to join this event. All of them are working towards the same motive which is to lending a helping hand to plant and to care for native trees and shrub to improve the environment they live in. (Tree Day n.d.) Toyota has demonstrated its concern and care for the environment by joining this event. Toyota has been supporting Planet Ark and National Tree Day since 11 years ago. (Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited n.d.) Ever since Toyota joins this event, its partnership with Planet Ark and National Tree Day are being appreciated and they are working in a collaborative way. All Toyotas dealers, staffs and brand ambassadors are being encouraged to participate and to support this special day. Their supports can be shown by Toyotas contribution of planting almost 15 millions of trees to reduce the effect of global warming. . (Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited n.d.) This action is a good example and role model for society as Toyota would influence the society to contribute to National Tree Day as well. As an automobile manufacturer, Toyota is facing challenges and obligations everyday throughout the whole process of a vehicle starting from the development until the disposal stage. In my opinion, it is not easy to be one of the largest companies. For instance, Toyota has to face pressures given by the government, stakeholders and the society to fulfill and to respond towards their needs for a better product and a better environment. It has been a tough and long journey for Toyota to achieve what they have now because throughout its companys history, they have been criticized and many comments have been given which are against their every action. Though they might not be a hundred percent environmental friendly company, they are actually giving a large proportion of contributions in helping the society to achieve a healthier environment. Which automobile company can be a fully hundred percent based environmental friendly company? I doubt there are any companies who can successfully d o so. All in all, every company including Toyota needs to fulfill their responsibilities towards the society and environment in order to have a better life and world. Our future generations are very much depending on their actions which are taken today. BJS. 2003, March 11. U.S. settles Clean Air Act case against Toyota. Web log post. http://scienceblog.com/1196/u-s-settles-clean-air-act-case-against-toyota/ (accessed August 8, 2010) Blackburn, R. 2009. Car maker develops its own flower species. Drive. http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=66761vf=1 (accessed August 10,2010) Glaister, D. 2006. California sues car firms for global warming. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2006/sep/21/usnews.travelsenvironmentalimpact (August 10,2010) Hodges, A. 2009. Toyota Prius Battery Harms Environment. NewsOXY. http://www.newsoxy.com/articles/toyota-prius-battery-harms-environment.html (accessed August 8,2010) Merchant, B. 2009. Toyota Engineers New Flower Species to Absorb Emissions at Prius Factories. TreeHugger. http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/toyota-engineers-new-flower-species-absorb-emissions-prius.php (accessed August 10,2010) Prius Outdoes Hummer in Environmental Damage. 2007. EV World, n.d. http://www.evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=14582 (accessed August 7, 2010) Richard, M.G. 2005. Should we be Worried About Hybrid-Car Batteries? TreeHugger. http://www.treehugger.com/files/2005/06/should_we_be_wo_1.php (accessed August 9, 2010) Toyota Europe. n.d. http://www.toyota-europe.com/corporate/environment/360-approach/end-of-the-road.aspx (accessed August 9, 2010) Toyota Motor Corporation. n.d. http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/index.html (accessed August 7, 2010) Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited. n.d. http://treeday.toyota.com.au/tree-day-home (accessed August 23, 2010) Tree Day. 2010. http://treeday.planetark.org/about/ (accessed August 23, 2010)

Gillian Armstrong :: essays research papers

The first reason I chose Gillian Armstrong for my research paper is because I admire her dedication and ambition to become a director even though it was a male-dominated job at the time. She is an extremely ambitious and independent woman that didn’t let anything get in her way of pursuing her goal to become a director. The second reason I picked Gillian Armstrong is because she is the director of Little Women, which has been an all-time favorite film of mine since I was little.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Armstrong has explored several genres, including gangster, musical, and most frequently, period drama. The three films I am going to explore are My Brilliant Career, Mrs. Soffel and Little Women. These are all period drama films that evolve female characteristics and feature women in lead roles. These films demonstrate the stylistic pattern of story telling, (Carter, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gillian Armstrong produced My Brilliant Career in 1979. This film was the highlight of the period drama, which was popular in Australia at that time. Armstrong became the first woman to direct a feature length drama in Australia in 46 years, (Carter, 2002). The film is about Sybylla Melvyn, a sensitive, passionate young woman with high hopes for a writing career. When offered the opportunity to escape her outback station home to stay with relatives in New South Wales, she accepts willingly. In New South Wales, her cultural openness and writing career is encouraged. She eventually meets Harry Beecham who is wealthy and handsome. Sybylla struggles with the tough decisions between ambition and independence, and between love and marriage. She eventually sacrifices romance with Harry and takes a job as a governess in the McScwatt household while still pursuing her goal as becoming a writer. Sybylla eventually finds success as a writer and also as an independent woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mrs. Soffel was produced by Armstrong in 1984. This film was directed in Pittsburgh, and was her first American film, (Carter, 2002). This film is about a woman named Kate Soffel who is the wife of the warden of the Allegheny County jail. Her job is to distribute Bibles and read the scriptures to the prisoners. Kate is unhappy and unsatisfied with her lifestyle. She is tired of her husband constantly controlling what she can and cannot do. Kate eventually falls in love with Ed Biddle, who is a prisoner being wrongly sentenced to death by hanging for the murder of a grocer during a robbery.

The Biggest Migration in Global History

In 1886, the Statue of â€Å"Liberty Enlightening the World,† a gift from the people of France, was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland. Set at the entrance of New York, the statue was just in time to greet the biggest migration in global history. Between the years of 1860-1910, more than twenty-two million immigrants had entered the country . This influx of immigration became known as the New Immigration. Industrialization had taken over agriculture and American industries were experiencing one of their greatest booms, thus a greater demand for workers . Immigrants from all over Europe came in hopes of securing for themselves money to return home with, or in some cases, a permanent position in a country of abundant opportunity. Although this increase in immigration eventually led to restrictive immigration laws, ultimately, this group of â€Å"New Immigrants† not only provided a much-needed economic service, but also added to the diversity of our â€Å"melting-pot† country. The promise of immediate employment and political and economic freedom were more than enough reasons to entice immigrants to come to the United States; in 1864, some 194,000 immigrants landed in America . Until 1897, ninety percent of all overseas immigrants arrived mostly from northern and western Europe, primarily from Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia . Most of these new immigrants came from lands with democratic traditions and education systems and were welcomed by the native-born Americans because they possessed much needed industrial skills. The new immigrants, primarily the Scandinavians, used the Homestead Act to receive land in the Midwest and start small farms . They had families and skills to offer and were not a migrant group; they planned to stay and make it in America. However, by 1905, partially encouraged by the new technology of steamships and cheaper ocean passage rates, the number of immigrants had risen to 1,285,000 people annually . More than a million immigrants arrived in each of the years 1905, 1907, and 1910, some fleeing the â€Å"pogroms† (organized massacres) taking place in Eastern Europe, and others seeking a life that they could never have within the borders of their poverty-stricken countries . These later immigrants, arriving from southern and eastern Europe, were Czechs, Poles, Ukrainians, Serbs, Slovaks and Russian, as well as Italians, Greeks, Hungarians, and Rumanians. Approximately ten percent of them were Jews fleeing from the repressive policies of Czarist Russia under Alexander III, although Roman and Orthodox Catholics were among the arrivals . The masses of immigrants were overwhelming. By 1887, it became obvious that Castle Garden (immigrant receiving station) was too small to process the large numbers of immigrants pouring into the country . Castle Garden had because so small, that criminals were simply hanging out at the receiving station to rob the immigrants inside, instead of waiting for them to get on the streets. Thus, the government built Ellis Island and immigrants continued pouring in. The number of immigrants was so great that by 1910 immigrants and their families composed over half the total population of 18 major cities . In Chicago, eight out of ten residents were immigrants or children of immigrants . The response to these newcomers was unfriendly and inhospitable. The Americans who saw their job security challenged by immigrants that were willing to work longer hours for lower wages did not welcome them. The newcomers did not have the same culture as the first immigrants that had come from Northern and Western Europe. Most lacked skills and very few spoke English, some could not read or write in any language. The Slavic and Polish (excluding Jewish) immigrant groups were viewed as unskilled, illiterate, and transient and were seen as a bigger threat to American institutions than the other European ethnic groups. They were not ambitious people, tended to keep to themselves, and were opposed to the American idea of materialism. Many of the Slavs and Poles distrusted American public schools; they withdrew their children from school and encouraged them to seek training in a trade, thus allowing a high rate of dropouts. Likewise, Italians were discriminated against because they also provided cheap labor and, naturally of a clannish nature, tended to move and settle as a group in Italian communities where they only worked with fellow countrymen and did not learn the ways of urban life. Americans thought that Italians did not assimilate into the American culture well since they held on their old-country traditions and cultures so strongly. Assimilation was important to the Americans because they were fearful of the change that came with other cultures, not to mention their resentment towards the new languages already replacing English in several parts of the cities. The Italians also brought the Mafia, which although in Italy enforced justice, came under the control of criminals in the US, and became known for racketeering, blackmail, and extortion. The immigrants were blamed for creating disorder and violence in the cities, and in general, were thought to be â€Å"birds of passage† who would use the American economy to make their fortunes, then return to their native land taking American dollars. The ever-growing influx of immigrants disturbed many native-born Americans who were annoyed by the newcomers† appearance and way of life. They expected these people, no matter what their place of origin, to conform to Anglo-Saxon patterns of behavior and to cherish the institutions of America. These anti-immigrant, nativist, sentiments, and the hatred and prejudice toward these immigrants led to the passing of immigration laws that greatly restricted the flow of immigration . The first restrictive law prevented immigration of lunatics, criminals, polygamists, people with diseases, and those likely to be public charges. In August of 1882, the first federal immigration law was adopted. This law put a head tax on all immigrant passengers. In February of 1885, a law prohibiting the importation of contract labor, called the Foran Act, was enacted. In 1906, leaders of the Boston Immigration Restriction League used the arguments of racial superiority to limit immigration. Finally, in 1924, the Fundamentalists succeeded in passing the National Origins act, which allowed the US to restrict the number of immigrants to 164,000 a year, and also favor immigrants from Western Europe over those from Eastern Europe . Many American believed that these immigration restrictions were necessary to keep the American institution cities from deteriorating. The population living in cities of over 30,000 increased from ten percent of the total in 1860 to more than twenty-five percent of the total US population by 1900 . The pressure of the tremendous inflow of immigrants quickly outstripped the ability of the nation†s established institutions to cope with them. Already poor in the Old Country, for the most part, they arrived in America penniless and made their homes in the growing tenements of America†s major cities. The severe strain on the housing situation coupled with discriminatory practices eventually led to the creation of ghettos. Women and children were often sent to work to contribute to the survival of the family, old-world views that eventually led to wholesale exploitation of child labor. Poverty on a never-before-seen scale became the norm in America†s urban centers. Perplexed, poor, and lacking knowledge of the American lifestyle, these immigrants were used as a low-paid labor force for dirty jobs that nobody else wanted and felt the harshness of Industrialism the most. They did not know their bosses, class animosity often divided management and labor, and their interests and wants were of little concern to the corporations. Because these people did not have the proper education, many of them remained unskilled or semi-unskilled throughout their lives. Although many could not attain the work skills they needed, they gained many other things. By the early 1900†³s, ninety percent of those who could not speak English learned to do so in less than ten years after they arrived, and only a third was still illiterate . Despite their many hardships, the new immigrants were determined to make it in the New World. For example, the Slavs† ability to take the worst jobs and stick with them enabled them to become one of the top two ethnic groups representing employees of America†s leading industries . It was the clashing of old-world views with those of new-world ideas that forced compromises that helped to advance social and political thoughts. The cities would not have grown without people to provide cheap labor in the factories, and it was the willingness to provide a cheap source of labor and to work the most difficult and menial jobs that helped enable the United Stated to make the economic gains that she made.

Essay on Tom and Huck in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by...

The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer In the Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, the friendship between the two friends Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer is strong enough to get them through some life changing adventures. The story takes place in the mid 1800s, in a Missouri town called St. Petersburg. Tom Sawyer is a very mischievous, adventurous kid, living with his Aunt Polly and her daughter, Mary, and his brother Sid. In the very beginning of the book Tom shows how mischievous he is when he tricks a couple of town kids into painting a fence for him. He talks about how its such an honor and great fun to paint fences, so the kids quickly join in taking a brush. Huck Finn, however, has a different lifestyle, envied greatly by Tom, his best†¦show more content†¦Robinson. Then, Injun Joe gets knocked down by Dr. Robinson, and Muff Potter tries to defend his partner but gets knocked unconscious from a gravestone thrashed at him by Robinson. Injun Joe then stabs the doctor with Potter?s knife, and tells Potter when he wakes up that while in a drunken rage, Potter killed Dr. Robinson. The boys hide in the bushes and then take off running soon afterwards. These are now the only two people in town other than Injun Joe, who know what happened exactly at the murder. ?Huckleberry, what do you reckonll come of this ?If Doctor Robinson dies, I reckon hangingll come of it.? ?Do you though ?Why, I KNOW it, Tom.? Tom thought a while, then he said: ?Wholl tell? We ?What are you talking about? Spose something happened and Injun Joe DIDNT hang? Why, hed kill us some time or other, just as dead sure as were a laying here.? ?Thats just what I was thinking to myself, Huck.? At this time they leave their hiding place in a bush and run away into town. This quote gives an in-depth perspective on how close their relationship is because they seem to think in the same manner, and in the manner that would benefit them the most. They are both scared and have no clue what to do, so for a while are loyal to each other in keeping the secret of the murder. ?Tom, we got to keep mum. You know that. That Injun devil wouldn?t make any more of drownding us than aShow MoreRelated Comparison of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain665 Words   |  3 PagesComparison of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn were both characters created by Mark Twain. Tom Sawyer is the main character in the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn is the main character in the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer were alike in many ways but they were also very different. One way in which Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer are alike is that they are bothRead MoreMark Twain : Seeing America s Flaws1593 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain: Seeing America’s Flaws â€Å"You don’t know about me, without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , but that ain’t no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain and he told the truth, mainly. There was things he stretched, but mainly he told the truth† (qtd. in Jones 237). That was the very first line in Mark Twain’s controversial book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Samuel L. Clemens, as a young boy, grew up on the Mississippi and learned the ways of southernRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Tom Sawyer 1629 Words   |  7 PagesTom sawyer is a very fun and entertaining book and is great for all families and children alike. Why do i say this, I say this because the book of Tom Sawyer is set in St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg may be small but it s got everything a boy could ever want. This really adds to the excitement and appeal of the book. Another thing that adds to the appeal of the book is the narrator point of view. Twain does a good job of using versatility and verbal skill in the narrator point of view. For exampleRead MoreCindy Lam. Mrs. Johnson . English Ii, Period 5 . 31 March1188 Words   |  5 PagesCindy Lam Mrs. Johnson English II, Period 5 31 March 2017 Mark Twain’s View on Education Through Huck and Tom A unique man once stated, â€Å"Don’t let schooling interfere with your education† and that was the author himself, Mark Twain through the constant mentioning of education in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In the novel, Jim, a runaway slave, is imprisoned in a shack on the Phelps’ plantation. Just after, Huck and Tom, the two best friends meet up and both agree to help rescue Jim. TheRead MoreMark Twain s Adventures Of Tom Sawyer1586 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are closely related to Mark Twain’s own life experiences. The fictional town of St. Petersburg very closely resembles Twain’s childhood home in a small town in Missouri, because of the Mississippi River (Stanley 1). He remembers both the ups and downs of his childhood and conveys these in the novel (Higgins). Many of his memories of living by the Mississippi river are displayed in this novel as Tom has several encounters with rivers (â€Å"Mark Twain†) . Twain also interpretsRead MoreEssay on A Brief Biography of Mark Twain1322 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom living life and experiencing the hustle and bustle of a river town. Clemens later went on to become a riverboat pilot perpetuated by displaying his yearning for travel. While on the river Samuel’s pen name became the name we all know today, Mark Twain. A term that riverboat engineers used to describe the depth of the waters the boat traveled. Twain’s humoristic writing style was influenced by his days as an editor of a local newspaper. A news paper that was saturated with jokes and tall talesRead MoreTom Sawyer : Little Rascal And Proper Southern Gentleman1696 Words   |  7 PagesTom Sawyer: Little Rascal and Proper Southern Gentleman In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer appears in St Petersburg and at the Phelps’ farm as Huck Finn’s companion. Though Tom serves as Huck’s partner-in-crime of sorts, the two boys contrast in crucial perceptual and behavioral aspects: where Tom possesses a love for romanticism and a strict policy of adherence to societal conventions and codes, Huck possesses a skeptical sort of personality in which he tends to perceive society’sRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is only there in the first fewRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer904 Words   |  4 PagesThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer Critical Analysis â€Å"Sometimes problems don’t require a solution to solve them, instead they require maturity to outgrow them.† (1). Eventually in life we will have to grow up and face our problems maturely, and it’s a large price to pay. In The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Tom faces a challenge of maturity. The question is, did Tom mature socially or morally more? My thesis is Tom matured morally over socially in the book, due to how much he doesn’t learn to obey thoseRead MoreWriting Style And Themes Of Mark Twain3368 Words   |  14 PagesWriting Style and Themes of Mark Twain On November 20, 1835, in the basically unknown town of Florida, Missouri, John Marshall and Jane Clemens gave birth to their sixth child, Samuel Langhorne Clemens. When he turned thirteen, he left school to become a printer’s apprentice. Two years later, Samuel Clemens joined his brother Orion’s newspaper as a full time printer and editorial assistant. It was at his brother’s newspaper that Samuel Clemens truly found his passion for writing. However, at